Cancer drug resistance remains one of the most significant unmet needs in modern oncology. The World Health Organization reported approximately 20 million new cancer cases and 9.7 million deaths globally in 2022, a burden that continues to accelerate with population growth and aging. Despite revolutionary advances in immuno-oncology, more than 75% of all cancer patients fail anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy. For microsatellite stable (MSS) tumors, including most ovarian, pancreatic, and many other cancers, immunotherapy is not even approved, leaving patients with few or no viable options after standard-of-care failure.
